With the development and extension of ultra-micro technology, the development of ultra-fine Chinese medicine powder with better curative effect and better variety will have far-reaching theoretical and practical significance. However, the physical characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine make it not as low as the chemical industry on crushing requirements, especially fiber traditional Chinese medicine, oil and sugar, and so on are not a small difficulty. With the production of air flow ultrafine mill, some problems have become simple.
The traditional processing technology of Chinese traditional medicine adopts many kinds of grinding machinery, such as hammer, ball mill, grinding powder, flow type, cutting type and drum type. Due to the different grinding methods, there are certain limitations on the particle size, powder yield, and the preservation of effective ingredients, and the use of non-closed powder, resulting in large dust leakage, powder yield is not high. The treatment of materials with special properties such as heat sensitivity, low melting point, easy to destroy the composition of medicinal materials, and the improvement of powder yield has not been fundamentally solved.
The application of air superfine grinding technology is almost throughout all fine processing industries, such as chemical, pharmaceutical, food, plastics, mining, metal materials, etc., and there are more than a thousand kinds of products available for air grinding, which shows that this technology occupies a special position in many specific powder fields. The technology is to use the material under the action of high-speed air flow, obtain huge kinetic energy, cause high-speed collision between the material particles in the crushing chamber, intense friction, and high-speed air flow on the shear effect of the material, so as to achieve the purpose of crushing the material. This raw material is processed into a very fine powder (< 10 μm), so that the raw material has a series of physical and chemical characteristics that were not previously available.
1, the status and status of ultrafine mill in the processing of traditional Chinese medicine
Ultrafine grinding is an important link in the processing of Chinese medicinal materials and the production of Chinese medicinal preparations. Traditional Chinese medicine has been refined processing methods such as "water flying" and "ramming" since ancient times, and its main application objects are mineral medicine, valuable medicine and traditional Chinese medicine with special properties, but the processing amount is very small. 2, the characteristics of air flow ultrafine grinding technology 2. 1 Low crushing temperature, can crush heat sensitive, low melting point of the material. According to the Joule Thomson effect of the high-speed jet stream, when the gas is sprayed by the nozzle and adiabatic expansion, the gas will cool itself, thus cancelling the slight heat generated by the collision and friction of the material. 2. Short production cycle, high yield. Air flow grinding is high-speed collision and closed grinding, the probability of collision between materials is large, and the dust is not leaked. 2.3 Products with high purity (less pollution) and uniform particle size distribution can be obtained (cumulative frequency up to D95 or more). 2. 4 For some materials that can not be crushed by wet method, it can also be crushed by air flow for dry method to grind out uniform and fine powder. 2. 5 Can achieve a variety of combined operations, crushing at the same time can achieve drying operation. 3. Feasibility analysis of the application of air flow grinding technology in the fine processing of Chinese medicine 3. The fine processing of Chinese medicine is the need for the crushing of Chinese medicinal materials.
① Increase the specific surface area of the drug, promote the dissolution and absorption of the drug, improve the bioavailability of the drug.
② Easy to adjust and take.
③ Accelerate the leaching and dissolution of active ingredients in medicinal materials.
The preparation of a variety of preparations such as suspension, powder, pill, capsule and other dosage forms to lay the foundation.
3.2 The development of air flow ultrafine grinder provides a reliable guarantee for the fine processing of traditional Chinese medicine
A generation of air mill is produced on the basis of digestion and absorption of similar equipment technology at home and abroad, set the world's advanced multi-nozzle technology, fluidized bed technology, horizontal classification technology in one, to achieve the diversification of flow field, material layer liquid and horizontal classification optimization system, reflecting the application of pneumatic technology in ultrafine grinding and classification process results, for the technology applied to traditional Chinese medicine Fine processing provides technical assurance.
3. Description of the properties and functions of the final product (Chinese medicine ultrafine powder) formed by air flow grinding technology
① Increase the surface area, improve the dissolution rate, absorption rate, and improve bioavailability.
② It is crushed at low temperature or room temperature to retain the active ingredients and ensure the efficacy of the drug. Through extraction and separation, raw materials can be saved and the utilization rate of Chinese medicinal materials can be improved. Can be directly used in preparation, reduce the investment in subsequent process equipment, reduce production costs.
From the above, it can be seen that the application of air flow grinding technology to the fine processing of traditional Chinese medicine is feasible in theory, technology and product requirements.
4, the application of air flow grinding technology in the fine processing of traditional Chinese medicine problems and solutions
Air flow grinding technology is an advanced grinding technology, its application in the fine processing of traditional Chinese medicine research has just started, there are many problems, summed up in the following aspects.
4.1 Whether the process is controllable
Traditional Chinese medicine and general inorganic minerals have their own characteristics as well as commonality. Whether the grinding process is controllable is the core problem of whether the technology can be applied to the fine processing of traditional Chinese medicine.
4. 1. 1 Study on the preparation process Combined with the general characteristics of the powder and the characteristics of Chinese medicinal materials themselves, the process is as follows:
Medicinal materials → preliminary crushing → Air crushing → cyclone separation → quality inspection → packaging → finished products
4. 1.2 Screening and optimization of preparation process parameters
① Dry moisture: the purpose of drying is to control water, and water often affects the characteristics of the material, it is generally believed that the less water, the easier to crush, requiring water < 4%. In the case of determining the moisture content and taking this as the index to screen and optimize the drying method, drying temperature, drying time and other factors.
② Air crushing parameters: The main technical parameters of the air crushing machine include: the diameter of the crushing chamber (mm), the crushing pressure (MPa), the charging pressure (MPa), the air consumption (m3). min-1), processing capacity (kg? h-1), air compressor power (kW), feed particle size, etc. The product particle size was selected as the experimental index to carry out orthogonal experimental design and optimize the technical parameters of the jet mill.
(3) Powder classification parameters: The main parameters that affect the particle size of the classification are: the speed of the centrifugal air classifier, the feeding amount, and the secondary air volume. The particle size was used as the index for orthogonal screening of powder parameters.
4. 2 Selection of product identification indicators
Powder is a collection of many individual particles, the various properties of the powder are affected by the properties of a single particle, but also important to the interaction between particles, so a comprehensive reflection of the quality of the powder contains two important parameters: single particle parameters, powder coefficient parameters. However, its basic characteristic parameters such as particle size, particle size distribution, specific surface area, wettability and fluidity are the main research objects.
4. 3 Key technologies for the application of Chinese medicine ultrafine grinder
4. 3.1 Accumulation of powder and its solution
The specific surface area of the material increases significantly, the surface energy is high and the surface ion charge is high, and the particles are in an unstable state, so there is a strong mutual attraction and a tendency to achieve stability. In order to prevent the accumulation of the powder and make it in a monodisperse state, appropriate surface treatment and packaging technology can be adopted.
4. 3. 2 Gelatinization in chemical extraction process and its solution
There are only two ways to use Chinese medicine: extraction and direct application. From the extraction point of view, there are two problems, one is the dispersion of the powder, the other is the gelatinization in the extraction process. As for the dispersion problem, it is necessary to screen and optimize the extraction process parameters (including extraction temperature, extraction time, extraction solvent type, etc.).
4. 3. 3 Technical problems in in vitro dissolution determination and their solutions
From the point of view of the direct application of traditional Chinese medicine, the core problem of the preparation made of ultrafine traditional Chinese medicine powder is the establishment of in vitro dissolution technology. The measures to solve this problem are to screen the dissolution medium, investigate the methodology of the dissolution method, and select the index component comprehensively.
4. 3. 4 Technical problems of pharmacodynamic verification and their solutions
Pharmacodynamics is the most powerful means to explain whether the Chinese medicine powder can preserve the active ingredients and enhance the efficacy. The establishment of its verification method has important practical significance. It has been reported that the pharmacodynamic study of the ultra-fine powder preparation of primary medicinal materials and the traditional process preparation shows that the micro-powder can significantly improve the pharmacodynamic activity of medicinal materials, but the establishment of verification methods needs to be further studied.
5, the application status of air flow grinding technology in the fine processing of traditional Chinese medicine
foreground
5. 1 Development status At present, there are few varieties of Chinese medicine developed by air flow grinding technology, which are mainly limited to some rare and precious fine Chinese medicine with unique effects. Reports have been seen, such as American ginseng, ganoderma lucidum, ginseng, pearl, panax notoginseng, pollen, ganoderma lucidum spore powder, etc., but the experimental data are small and persuasive, and the development of some health care products has only just started, and no broad market has been formed
5. 2 Prospects
The introduction of air crushing technology into the processing of traditional Chinese medicine can create a new crushing technology process, which not only enriches the content of traditional processing, but also brings a new look to the processing and production of traditional Chinese medicine, and becomes the growth point of new technology in the Chinese medicine industry:
① Modification of the treatment process of Chinese medicine raw materials by ultra-fine Chinese medicine powder: After ultra-fine Chinese medicine pulverization, the contact area with the solvent in the extraction process increases, so the extraction method tends to be simplified, the extraction time is shortened, and the transfer rate is increased, which not only saves time, accelerates the production cycle, but also saves energy, and improves the comprehensive availability of raw materials.
② Improve the quality of existing dosage forms: powder, granules, capsules, tablets and other solid preparations are mostly made of powder as raw materials, by grinding, mixing, granulation and other operations. If the raw material is micro-pulverized, it can not only change its appearance properties, but also change its solubility, dissolution, absorption rate, adhesion, bioavailability and other pharmaceutical parameters.
Development of new dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine: Direct oral preparation is for some precious Chinese medicinal materials such as pearl, musk, deer antler, ginseng, cordyceps, tiger bone, etc., can be directly prepared into oral Chinese medicine powder, capsule, microcapsule and other dosage forms. Transdermal preparations are made by mixing Chinese medicinal materials directly with the substrate after micropowder. At present, the preliminary research of this kind of preparations has been carried out.
Development of a variety of series of health tonic: can be used as food additives to drink and food to make a variety of health drinks and health food.
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