The different types of grinder and the change of the structure of the grinder have a considerable impact on the crushing material. According to the particle size of the crushing material can be divided into ordinary mill, micro mill, ultrafine mill; According to the structure of the crusher, it can be divided into pin hammer type, hammer type, roll type and claw type. General livestock and poultry feed is usually used ordinary hammer mill or roller mill, small animals, ordinary aquatic feed can be used micro mill, drop hammer mill, claw mill, and special aquatic feed and aquatic open food need to use ultrafine mill, and some even need to use colloid mill to meet the granularity requirements of open feed.
1. Ordinary hammer mill is the most widely used in feed industry production. In the crushing process, the impact of the hammer and the material is mostly eccentric impact, so that the material rotates in the crushing chamber, which will consume part of the energy, which is also one of the important reasons for the high energy consumption of the hammer mill. At the same time, because the structure of the crushing chamber of the hammer mill and the material are affected by the impact of the high-speed hammer, the material is separated. Under the action of power, it will stick to the screen surface to form a circular motion, resulting in a circulation layer, large particles of material in the outer layer, small particles of material in the inner layer, after crushing to meet the particle size requirements, small particles can not be discharged from the screen in time, there is repeated impact between the material and the hammer, resulting in excessive crushing of the material, crushing power consumption increases, the temperature of the powder rises, so that the water in the material forms water steam. Water vapor and fine powder will adhere to the sieve plate, more serious blockage of the sieve hole, the crushing efficiency is reduced, especially when the material is finely crushed, the circulation has a more serious impact on the crushing efficiency. In order to improve the efficiency of the hammer mill, it is necessary to destroy the circulation generation of the crushing process.
2 Water drop crusher is based on the structural characteristics of ordinary hammer mill, the researchers will change the grinding chamber from round to water drop shape, which not only increases the effective screening area of the grinding chamber sieve plate, but also destroys the circulation of the material in the crushing chamber, which is conducive to the discharge of the material after crushing the crushing chamber, and the crushing efficiency is increased by 15%. In addition, the water drop type crusher has a main crushing chamber and a re-crushing chamber, and the material can form a second blow in the crushing chamber, and the same crusher can achieve rough. Fine, fine 3 grinding forms, the average particle size of the crushed material is 100 ~ 500microm. In order to meet the different requirements of livestock, poultry and fish on the particle size of materials, the application of water drop crusher in the crushing process of comprehensive feed mill has a unique advantage.
9 Double-rotor mill and other types of mill, the working principle of the double-rotor mill is that the material to be crushed through the feed port, through the feed guide plate from the left or right into the grinding chamber, the two grinding chambers each have a rotor with a hammer in the same direction of high-speed rotation, and the upper and lower position between the two rotors is set up to guide the material. When the material that is crushed and not qualified out of the screen in the first crushing chamber enters the second crushing chamber under the action of the diversion device and is crushed by the hammer in the second crushing chamber, at the same time, the material that is crushed and not qualified out of the screen in the second crushing chamber enters the first crushing chamber under the action of the diversion device and is crushed by the hammer in the first crushing chamber. The unqualified material is crushed until qualified, and then screened through the screen set at the bottom of the crushing chamber. The two rotors of the device operate in the same direction, so the relative speed of the hammer blade tangent between the two rotors is doubled compared with the single rotor, and the hammer force is doubled, and the two rotors have the effect of destroying the circulation. The output is more than 30% higher than that of single rotor mill with the same power. In addition, such as claw crusher, which is characterized by small size, light weight, high working speed, fine product particle size, wide adaptability to processing materials, but its shortcomings are large power consumption, high noise, small single-machine crushing output.
The above describes the working principle and characteristics of various grinders, for a specific feed mill how to choose the right grinder, need to be determined according to the requirements of the processed products.
3 Vertical shaft crusher is also a kind of hammer mill, crushing process can be divided into pre-crushing and main crushing 2 areas, which is characterized by the use of 360° ring screen, as well as the bottom of the screen plate, screening area is large, help to crush the material after rapid discharge, while due to the gravity of the material, ring screen vertical screen surface adhesion material less, sieve through the ability; The blade plate on the rotor of the mill ensures the effective use of the bottom screen, and produces a certain wind pressure, promotes the rapid discharge of materials after crushing, effectively improves the screening capacity of the entire crushing chamber, and there is no need to set up an independent suction system in the discharge, which saves the equipment investment of the suction system, and solves the long-term problem of low crushing efficiency caused by the failure of the suction system in the feed mill. And reduce the material in the crushing process of water loss. The crushing efficiency and the output of the crusher have been greatly improved, the particle size of the crushed material is uniform, the potential fine powder is less, and the crushing power consumption can be saved by 25%. Vertical shaft hammer mill is suitable for coarse crushing of feed and secondary crushing process, but not suitable for fine crushing of materials. At present, there are not many applications in production, and the reasons are worth exploring.
4 pairs of roller shredders are supported for crushing. The crushing effect of the material is mainly produced by the shear and extrusion of the roller, the effect of external force is mostly used for the crushing of the material, the crushing efficiency of the material is relatively high, greatly reducing the energy consumption of the crushing (no rotation of the material, excessive crushing, the temperature rise of the material is small), according to reports, Roskamp roller mill compared with the traditional hammer mill system, The energy saving is more than 60%. Can reduce dust generation and maintenance costs, reduce noise. In the crushing process, the water loss of the material is small, the particle size uniformity of the crushed product is good, and the physical characteristics of the product are excellent, which is conducive to the flow and mixing of the material. In the rough crushing of the material can achieve a better crushing effect, but the roller crusher is not suitable for fine crushing, the versatility of a variety of materials is poor, especially after the mixing of various materials, the crushing performance is worse, the maintenance of the roll requires special equipment, these characteristics limit the application of the roller crusher in feed production. At present, some of the domestic subquality wheat is widely used in feed production because of its cheap price, the development of special mill for crushing wheat has considerable market demand, and the roller mill should have a place in this respect, and this mill is currently used in the European market. While most of the domestic corn and soybean meal diet, the roller crusher used in corn grinding may still be in the research stage.
5 Micro mill, generally used for aquatic feed or piglets feed raw material grinding, these feed grinding granularity is finer, the use of ordinary mill efficiency is extremely low, even can not complete its work. In the production of 250microm particle size powder, the efficiency of the hammer mill is 30%, and the efficiency of the air discharge mill is 95%. For the requirements of particle size distribution below 500microm, should consider the use of special micro-crusher to crush, the average particle size of the crushed material can reach 100 ~ 500microm
6 Ultrafine mill is generally non-screen mill, crushing material particle size is controlled by the airflow speed, crushing particle size requirements of 95% through 0.15mm(100 mesh), generally used for special aquatic food or aquatic food, ultrafine grinding is usually completed by ultrafine mill, pneumatic conveying, classifier matching. The crushing particle size of raw materials is very fine, which may show unexpected characteristics, but it also brings more problems, such as electrostatic adsorption, poor flow of materials, large energy consumption of crushing, increasing production costs, and relatively large impact on processing operations, these adverse effects can be overcome by different methods (such as changing feed processing technology).
7 Wide type water drop mill, this type of mill is similar to the water drop mill, with the difference is to increase the number of hammer and the effective screening area of the crushing screen, the most important thing is to ensure the uniformity of the feed on the entire width, otherwise it will affect the production.
8 Transverse wide vibrating screen hammer mill and vibrating screen shear hammer mill, the transverse wide vibrating screen hammer mill is a strong vibrator installed in the screen body, the powder sieve not only depends on the hammer force, but also depends on the vibrating power of the screen. Sieve vibration makes the sieve flour particles turn out of the sieve, do not have to rely on the hammer driving force, vibrating sieve also has a strong screening ability for ultrafine powder particles. In this design, the hammer screen gap does not have to be reduced, and the screen reciprocating vibration is equal to automatically adjusting the hammer screen gap. In terms of structural design, as a fine pulverized outer screen, it is separated by the inner screen and the material ring centrifugal force field strength, the material ring centrifugal force field strength is borne by the vibration of the inner screen, the outer screen is not subject to the material ring centrifugal force field strength, so that the outer screen can obtain suitable discharge conditions, and the fine powder particles can pass through the screen smoothly under the action of vibration and wind suction.
Vibrating screen shear hammer crusher, by special design, on the screen surface, the material ring uniform placement of the hammer, the hammer and the hammer regularly uniform staggered, so that not only in the water drop type crusher feed port, but also in the whole material ring, many times to form the crusher hammer on the material efficient hammering opportunity, in the phase of the set hammer, the material ring powder by the end of the fixed hammer recoil, The material is blocked, the movement is reduced, because the fixed hammer occupies a certain space, the material is blocked after changing the direction of movement, into lateral movement, to provide a high efficiency hammening opportunity for the subsequent hammer, resulting in a high speed difference of the relative speed of the hammer to the material of 80-100 m/s, on the screen surface, the material ring evenly placed the fixed hammer, so that in the case of commonly used sieve and sieve thickness, Greatly reduce the speed of material movement on the screen surface to 0-20 m/s, forming a favorable sifting "gold" speed, with the vibrating screen self-cleaning effect, not only the finer granularity of aquatic feed, but also the thicker layer feed, the yield uniformity is significantly improved.
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